Gold Rush And War :: essays research papers

A dash for unheard of wealth prompts war The American Civil War (1861-1865) and the Reconstruction time frame that followed were the bloodiest sections of American history to date. Sibling battled sibling as the populace was part along sectional lines. The issue of servitude partitioned the country's kin and the ideological groups that spoke to them in Washington. The pressure which snapped the uncomfortable ceasefire among north and south started working over subjugation and statehood banters in California. In 1848, pilgrims found gold at Sutter's Mill, beginning a mass relocation. By 1849, California had enough residents to apply for statehood. In any case, the discussion about whether the enormous western state would or would not permit subjection postponed its permission. Agents from the south took steps to withdraw if California was conceded as a free state. Then, emotions additionally flared in New Mexico and Texas over fringe questions, and abolitionists battled expert bondage advocates over the issue of slave exchan ging inside the District of Columbia. Southern political pioneers, for the most part Democrats, proposed a show in Nashville to examine severance. In 1850, Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 to Congress. The Compromise contained the accompanying arrangements: California would enter the association as free state. New Mexico region would be isolated into New Mexico and Utah, and offered famous sway. Texas must yield questioned an area to New Mexico as a byproduct of government supposition of its state obligation. Exchanging, yet not ownership, of slaves would be prohibited from the District of Columbia. Criminal slave laws would be improved. Zachary Taylor, who was president at that point, was set up to veto the bills, yet passed on out of nowhere. His replacement, Millard Fillmore, permitted the arrangements to breathe easy with the assistance of Stephen Douglas. The Nashville Convention met soon a short time later and criticized the arrangement, however made no unequivocal m ove. This uncomfortable ceasefire would keep going for just four years. In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act makes further trade off for all intents and purposes outlandish. It conceded well known power to the two states, in the expectations that they would part on the bondage issue and proceed with the temperamental balance among slave and free states. Nebraska immediately embraced a free-soil constitution and was conceded as a free state. Kansas, nonetheless, was seriously part along sectional lines, and contradicting political powers confirmed both a free and a slave constitution in 1855. Mobs broke out all over the place, and "Bleeding Kansas" fell into tumult. John Brown, a notorious and insubordinate abolitionist, executed five expert subjugation activists in 1856 in reprisal for the homicide of five abolitionists.

An experiment paper on the effectiveness of the Pandan plant in Essay

An analysis paper on the adequacy of the Pandan plant in repulsing cockroaches from food - Essay Example As a general rule, individuals stay away from cockroaches or attempt to execute or repulse them, essentially on the grounds that they convey malady and germs, and the way that numerous individuals either discover cockroaches nauseating, or fear them. This is the reason these individuals burn through cash on bug sprays, repellants, exterminators and different synthetic concoctions and contraptions to dispose of cockroaches. As generally known, cockroaches are pulled in to food, and are regularly found in dim limited spots of the home. These cockroaches that we see are in reality just a little level of the genuine number of cockroaches in your home. As per an article by extension.umn.edu, â€Å"Cockroaches are nighttime, stowing away during the day and getting dynamic around evening time. The quantity of cockroaches individuals see is typically a little level of an a lot bigger population.† And this implies there are unquestionably a bigger number of cockroaches in your home than you anticipate. The issue with attempting to keep up a without cockroach home is that it costs a lot of cash, and most annihilation or repellant techniques are hard to apply, or have off-putting scents. This present paper's point is to test a characteristic, non-poisonous, simple to-utilize, and condition cordial method of repulsing cockroaches from your food, or your home and rooms. It expects to test the adequacy of the pandan plant in repulsing cockroaches.

Whats in My Bag

What’s in My Bag They say you can tell a lot about a person by what’s in their bag. Or the clothes they’re wearing, or the things they buy. Of course, this always carries that “judging a book by its cover” risk, but it is at least true that most people have a degree of choice in what they purchase or acquire, and that sometimes those choices reflects on their own personalities. This is in part why one of my favorite websites this year has been New York Magazine’s The Strategist. The Strategist is essentially a sort of shopping advice blog, with article titles like “Deals of the Week” and “Best Shower Caddies on Amazon”. I started reading it because of some link I clicked (probably on facebook) that was a description of someone’s favorite bag, and I thought it was fascinating how wrapped inside that description was actually a love story. They somehow manage to blend really heartfelt anecdotes and funny stories into writing about “Best Vacuums 2017? or sales around the internet. I read this just to read this (and occasionally I have found good shopping advice, like this skincare doc which helped jump-start my now almost-as-crazy skincare routine). I also really like this article I recently read about the best pair of black men’s sneakers, where toward the end the author waxes philosophical (and as you can see, I read the articles whether theyâ €™re actually relevant to my life/things I would actually buy or not!) So I thought today I’d do a fun post about what’s in my bag (and on my person). The Bag On the daily, I carry around an Osprey Cyber Day pack which I absolutely adore. I’ve had it since sophomore yearexcept actually, since Osprey has one of the best lifetime guarantees I’d ever seen, I used to have an older model that I recently got replaced with this one due to some wear on the back netting. So, I basically got a brand new backpack for the cost of shipping heh~ they’re expensive, but at this point I definitely think it was worth it, since I essentially have a quality backpack for life now. It also has an MIT Mechanical engineering carabiner on itI got this when I first declared Course 2 as my major! Top Pocket This is the pocket where I end up shoving everything small I have on hand when I’m in a rush, and where everything that doesn’t fit into my pockets goes. From left to right: a logitech mouse, eye drops, some hi-chews, Fenty Beauty Gloss Bomb, L’Oreal Infallible Lip Paint in 326: “Sultry Sangria”, Burt’s Bees Ultra Conditioning lip balm, a hair clip, a USB to USB-C adapter, a micro-USB to USB-A cable, a metric ruler from Muji (15 centimeters), a 1cm^3 cuvet, and some M4 nuts and bolts. I like this photo because there’s all these incredibly feminine items (I am definitely a lip girl btw, any other color on my face is too much work ^^;) and then like random stuff I use for being a mechanical engineer. The mouse is for when I need to CAD, the ruler is for drawing and measuring small stuff, the cuvet is a part for my team project in 2.75: Medical device design, and the nuts and bolts I was cutting down with a hacksaw earlier for my 2.74 final project. Front Pocket   This is the pocket where things go when I bother to organize my backpack and move stuff from the top pocket into here. Since it’s close to finals I’m less organized and there’s less stuff in here From left to right: hand sanitizer, two sharpie highlighters, two doses of Dayquil (but like the generic-brand version), a black 0.38mm G2 pen, and a Surface pen for my laptop. Pretty self explanatory. I will say, 0.38mm G2 pens are the only things I write with. I buy them in bulk. It all started in high school debate when I had to take notes really fast during other people’s speeches, and this was what The Strategist might call the “status” penall the debaters coveted G2s (nerdy, I know). I really like the control of such a fine point. I also stopped using pencil in collegemost of the stuff I actually have to physically write is math, and then the equations/logic I write out covers up entire pages, so if I make a mistake it’s often easiest to just toss or cross out the whole page and move on instead of erasingeven on exams. Point being, I’m definitely not using pen because I’m “confident”, which is sometimes what people will say. The real reason I ended up switching over completely is that, sometimes the places I take exams (like Walker Memorial or big lecture halls) are not very well lit on cloudy days or evening exams, so it’s a lot eas ier to simply see black ink instead of pencil when I’m writing. I do sometimes keep white-out on hand as well. Bottom Pocket From left to right: Origins “Make a Difference” hand cream, a Dewalt multi tool, charging cable for my laptop, a Sonos branded portable battery that I got from career fair, pill bottle (of ibuprofen), a charging brick, a chocolate chip Clif bar. Also some feminine-ish items mixed in with things like my multi tool. Would not recommend the hand cream, overpriced for what it does, any Nivea or Vaseline cream is just as good. It was a random, desperate purchase when I ran out of hand cream, and if you are going to splurge on a nice one I would recommend L’Occitane instead. I have very dry skin, so I always keep something on hand (haha, get it) especially since between eczema, winter, and the hazards of a machine shop, I often end up with chapped blisters or cuts if I’m not well moisturized. I got my multi tool after seeing how useful it was for my UROP supervisor, a masters student at the media lab. I learned a lot of basic life things from him that I’m grateful for, including that every career engineer should themselves own basic tools, as often you can get nicer ones than your school/business/institution will have on hand. A multi tool is a simple, affordable addition with a lot of benefit, since it has, well, multiple tools. It’s saved me from running around MIT asking for a simple screwdriver or pliers many timesnot to mention it’s useful for fixing things at home, too. My supervisor had a really nice, expensive-ish one; this DeWalt one was around $20 and works well enough for me! Main Pocket The BIG one! From left to right: case with my Bose QC30 noise canceling earbuds inside, a ziploc bag half full of almonds, Benton’s Snail Bee High Content Steam Cream (a moisturizer), my wallet (a gift from my dear mom 3), Tony Moly My Sunny Perfecting Sun Block, Etude House Sunprise SPF50, and my Bose water bottle (other stuff in the background not kept in this pocket). Hmm.food and skincare seem to be a theme here xD. Granola bars are my busy-day hunger fix, for when I just need to eat something and keep going. I interned at Bose, which was when I acquired the water bottle (an intern gift) and the headphones (which I bought myself). The noise cancellation is really niceI can work in crowded environments a lot easier now. And, having been an intern, it’s cool to use something you’ve seen the insides of! :) I’ve always been into Korean/asian beauty products, which are also popular in China (where my mom’s from), but this summer I got serious about skincare. I’ve been much more diligent about sunscreen (yay!) which is why there’s two herethe Tony Moly one is running out, and my friend Dora T. ‘18 kindly got me the Etude House one as a secret santa present. The Benton moisturizer was one I got for my face but didn’t like enough, so now I just use it for my hands/to re-apply throughout the day. All of these are korean brands and very aff ordable. Maybe I should do a blog post about skincare too. BONUS: What’s in my wallet       My wallet has the obvious: credit/debit cards, CO drivers license, Costco card (absolutely indispensable!!!!!), a zipcard (I’ve used this to drive  to pick up food for events and to Rhode Island over the summer). There are also some receipts: to McDonald’s, Wendy’s, and Kung Fu Tea (a boba place). Yes, I know, not very healthyit’s the end of the semester ok. At this point, I’ve accepted that my health will be a sine wave, with a period of three months, where the local minimums are the end of the semester and the local maximums are the middle of IAP and summer. A couple fun items include: an alligator temporary tattoo. I think my friend Sarah A. ‘18 gave this to me after a museum trip? Also, a fortune cookie fortune that I always forget I put in my wallet, but conveniently seems to show up when I need it: “I am always doing that which I cannot do in order that I may learn how to do it.” The culty MIT soup cardthey got rid of this!!! So sad!!! Such a good deal!!! $12 for five large soups!!! I still have one soup punch lefthopefully I can still use it Lastly, my AP Physics membership card from high school that has made it from wallet to wallet, and outlived multiple debit and ID cards. This was given to me by the beloved Mr. Stefan Kern, my high school physics teacher. AP Physics C was probably the single high school class I’ve taken that was most like a college course, complete with horrible exam averages (68% once I think lol) and a ton of homework. But I learned so much!! Which is why I still have the card on handdespite the fact that I probably can’t explain Maxwell’s equations to you very well anymore ^^; I spend too much time on the mechanics side of physics these days Inner Pocket This is a pocket inside the main pocket.     From left to right: feminine hygiene products, a cactus card (also given to me by Dora, with the sunscreen~), a coupon for Darwin’s (a cafe in Cambridge), a moleskine A5 notebook, and a pencil bag. I keep a lot of the cards people give me, and they all eventually get pasted into a big scrapbook that I have. The pencil bag is special, toomy aunt Askale gave this to me, and she embroidered the flower bush and chicken on the front herself~ I (loosely) use the bullet journal method as a planner. Similar to my obsessiveness over the exact kind of pen I use, I’m also picky about the notebook paper and size that I use for my bullet journalfor class notes, I now exclusively take all notes on my Surfacebook laptop, which I can write by hand on. I’m aware moleskines are kind of over-hyped, and I’m thinking of switching over to a traveler’s notebook, which I view as sturdier and more environmentally friendly. But, I still plan to use high-quality paper, which limits the bleed-through of the G2 pens I use, and I prefer A5 because the size is very portable but still big enough to fit my life in it. I also love the little pocket inside the notebookI’m the treasurer for Chinese Students’ Club and handle some finances for Ethiopian Eritrean Students’ Association and reimbursements for my project classes (we often buy parts ourselves and get reimbursed later), so, it’s nice to have a place to keep receipts and the li ke. Funnily enough, as I’ve progressed through college, I’ve needed hand-written notes for class less and lessmy project-based course have a lot less paper, labs, or homework, and a lot more CAD, coding, analysis, ordering parts, and putting everything together. Most notes I have now are meeting notes that I type on my computer, and occasional lecture notes. Laptop Pocket The pocket designed for your laptop.       This pocket doesn’t have much in itmy laptop (a Microsoft Surface Book) and a folder. Inside the folder are some more receipts (again, in my multiple treasury postions I forever have other people’s receipts on hand), a printed chapter of «??? »or, in English, Dream of the Red Chamber, for my Chinese literature class at Harvard that just ended, and some blank printer paper. I do a lot of my design drawings on blank printer paper, and then scan them with my phone. I never like to keep much stuff on hand in generalI try to be as minimalist as possible, including with paper. That’s partly why I quite like my laptopwith its handwritten note features, I have quite enjoyed getting rid of the weight of notebooks. I do have to have paper to do math, thoughit’s just not the same, so I’ll also use printer paper to do my “thinking”, which involves scribbling everywhere and scratching a lot of things out, and then write my final flow of equations and answer out nicely before submit ting homework. My laptop has exactly two stickers on it“Blog or Die”, a lovely one that echoe made for the bloggers 3 and a wholesome depiction of the This is Fine dog. I like this one because the flames look a lot more like fireplace flames, and the dog looks actually cozy instead of dead inside as in the meme itself (lol), which makes me feel like, even when everything comes crashing down around you, you can always find a way to have some peace, and a cup of tea. That sticker was given to me by Petey (yay!). My folder has a sticker that says “MIT Panhellenic Association” and a sticker of a bird with an aviator hat and jetpack, created by the artistic Terran W. ‘18. You will find his stickers in unexpected places all over campus~ Jacket Pocket: Here are some things I keep on my person.     Usually, I just have my phone in my pocket, or more lip balm (dry skin, sigh) Today my Bose Soundsport headphones were in there too (this was also an intern gift). My phone is the Pixel 2, proudly emblazoned with another “blog or die” sticker (this is partly a reminder to blog pasted on all my electronic devices) I have a Spigen case on it that can hold two cards, a feature I need because I used to just use those 3M stick-on pockets I got for free from career or activity fairs, but they would get gross around the edges and fall off (I think because my old phone had a curved back). I constantly need to access these two ID cards. I tap into buildings/labs or pay for bus/T fare with the MIT one, and I have to show an ID to ride the Harvard shuttle to class with the Harvard one (I only have this because I cross-registered). The real Harvard student ID (this is a “participant” ID) looks much different, I was kind of sad that this was so simple it almost looks fake, like I could pr int one at home xD Jewelry Hardware I usually have on. Pretty much all my jewelry has a story of some kind behind it. Unless I’m in a rush in the morning and forget, I almost always have on my steel 2018 class ring, which I got as a sophomore (as all MIT sophomores do!) and a silver rosary ring that my aunt Askale gave to me. She is my dad’s older sister, and a Catholic nun, constantly traveling between the city and countryside of Ethiopia, or even to Rome and France, but rarely to the US. She acquired this a long time ago in France, and gave it to me about a year ago as a sort of coming-of-age present. Askale is an important mentor and female figure in my lifemy Dumbledore and my Gandalf, someone who always seems to be wiser than everyone else I know, and always knows the right thing to do. It’s always nice to have reminders of the people I love most nearby 3 Speaking of which, the first concert I ever went to was Saint Motel opening for Lydia at the Marquees Theater in Denver. I went with one of my best friends, Christine L. ‘18 at Georgetown. I’d never listened to Lydia so we were definitely there for Saint Motel. They’re more popular now, but at the time they were definitely smaller. After the show, we went up to one of the band members, Dak. “So, how did you guys like Lydia?” “Actually, uhhwe came here to see you guys!” “WOW!! Really???” He was so touched that he gave us both a hug, and also, this pin, which is now forever affixed to my denim jacket. Writing this post as a sort of expose on myself was the whole intention, but I’m surprised by the end how much my stuff really does represent myself and my daily activitiesfrom the lip treatments to the literal nuts and bolts to the planner to the water bottle to the multi tool. Its definitely changed over the years toowhats in your bag?? Post Tagged #photography

Milton Friedman s Advocacy Of Free Market Capitalism

Milton Friedman’s Advocacy of Free Market Capitalism Team Members: Donaldson, Michael Karambelkar, Tanvi Kote, Anand Mantrawadi, Sushant Sawant, Preeti Shinde, Nikhil Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Historical Information on Milton Friedman 4 Impact of Cultural Impact with US Based Companies 6 References 8 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Executive Summary This article is about a teacher and writer turned economist Milton Friedman. He advocated free market capitalism as part of his economic theory. His positive economics methodology and simple models made it very easy for the prediction of economic happenings in the future. His libertarian philosophy and his proposals got him in to many controversies, but also much recognition. He served as a professor for over 30 years and due to his efforts in his field and enhancing the utility of each individual, he has been rewarded handsomely. Much his work looked like he was the opponent of the Keynesian function. However, they both had very similar same view with a different approach. Friedman’s view affected many US corporations and the economy of the US and his ideals resonate with the way in which the market is right now. His views were for the completely free market where there was no government, other authorities or price setting monopolies influencing the market and its growth. He also viewed the economy in the long term instead of in the short term as KeynesianShow MoreRelatedMilton Friedman and His Contribution For The Economic Field Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesliberals believe that ‘’an unfettered market’’ is the most efficient mechanism to satisfy human needs and channel resources to their most productive uses. The minimal government advocacy of an ‘’unregulated free market’’ is founded on an ‘’assumption about individuals being ratio nal, self-interested and methodical in the pursuit of their goals. Adam Smith was not an advocate of pure capitalism. Adam Smith allowed for many exceptions to a strictly free-market economy. The classical liberals advocatedRead MoreThe Impact of Liberalism on International Relations Essay2028 Words   |  9 Pagesby the belief that democracy was a better alternative to the monarchy and free trade over isolationism (Mingst, 2008). The liberals of the nineteenth century and up until today believe that man’s best prospects to live a free and peaceful life were through free market capitalism and within a limited form of government. They believed that this would be the best system for people to show their full potential and believed free trade would create a positive link between states, making war impossible andRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility15903 Words   |  64 Pagessecure credit card transactions. Once a user decides to make a donation, he or she is taken to the p ayment service provider s site where the transaction takes place. Usually the provider establishes a fee structure with participating NPOs based on contributions received. Cross Promotions that promise a donation to a charitable cause based on the purchase of the company s product. Herein a certain percentage of the cost of purchase is diverted towards the cause. 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This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any meansRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their

The Ged Language Arts Writing Essay Topics Diaries

The Ged Language Arts Writing Essay Topics Diaries The writing portion is an excellent indication of your thoughtfulness for a student and your capacity to recognize personal and professional circumstances and respond accordingly. Just as essential as being in a position to communicate ideas, is demonstrating you have a command of the English language at least enough where you are able to distinguish the types of writing and put them in the most suitable connotation. Compare both of these places for living. Try to remember, you are going to want to support your primary idea with examples from the reading. You'll give evidence from the passage together with from your understanding and experience. You should know example, when applying for work, you want to write about your prior experience. An example may be choosing your favourite pastime and discussing the way that it benefits you. You will get unique texts, which will be finished in time. Cost-free worksheets and resources are offered for the whole and the individual parts of the test. All three of the main HSE tests provide sample prompts and passages. Your score is going to be shown immediately after you complete the test. Cyberbullying is a kind of abuse. You do have some language mistakes which make it a little hard to follow along with. For instance, an Amish candidate could be requested to write about a contemporary technological device. Ok, I Think I Understand Ged Language Arts Writing Essay Topics, Now Tell Me Abo ut Ged Language Arts Writing Essay Topics! One of the chief advantages of GED pre test questions is they permit you to become accustomed to the format of the genuine test questions. Studying for your GED with sample questions is among the best study practices. A pre test enables you to get accustomed to the format of the true GED exam. GED sample tests also help you receive a sense of the timing of the genuine exam. Problems will call for procedural wisdom and fluency. Understanding how to read, write and solve problems is essential if you're planning to take the GED. In either instance, it is crucial to write neatly so the test evaluators can read your essay. If at all possible, your test prep should consist of essays scored by means of an instructor. Make sure that you practice because many samples as possible before the true essay. Additionally, there are excellent GED essay samples that you need to take your time to experience. It's simply called GED on the site. Within this part, you should compose an essay, so you must be conscious of possible GED essay topics. You have to learn to compose decent GED Essays. You don't need to compose a creative essay, you simply have to guarantee you write appropriate grammar. Ged Language Arts Writing Essay Topics Explained Pick a writer you enjoy the most, clarify your assignment and await a short time. Don't forget, every accomplishment starts with the choice to try. If it's so, then you'll be having some difficult time for a student together with being a writer. Thorough understanding of the English language is important, irrespective of whether you would like to find admission in a college or get your fantasy job. What all you will need is getting the assistance from a specialist and EssaysChief is going to be the expert that you seek out. There are a lot of GED-specific study guides you may buy to further help you study and get ready for the essay section , along with the remainder of the test. Our technicians will kindly answer each one of your questions. You may be asked why characters act in a particular way or make statements, therefore it's important to read between the lines and truly feel confident in your capacity to make inferences about the text. The second sort of question will underline part of a couple of sentences. The third sort of question will request that you revise a couple of sentences in the paragraph.

Women and the Law in Early Ireland Free Essays

string(49) " greater the responsibility assumed by her sons\." Exaggerated claims have sometimes been made about the degree power and freedom enjoyed by women in early Irish society. It certainly true that women feature prominently in Old and Middle Irish literature. In the saga Tain Bo Cuailnge, Queen Medb is the leader of Connacht, and occasionally takes part in the fighting itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Women and the Law in Early Ireland or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her husband King Ailill generally defers to her dominant personality, and turns a blind eye to her sexual adventures.But in real life, the power of women was undoubtedly much more restricted. The annals provide no instances of a female political or military leader. Indeed, the male imagery which surrounds the office of kingship would seem to preclude even the possibility of a female ruler. Probably the most accurate picture of the actual position of women in early Irish society is provided by the wisdom-texts, specially the Triads of Ireland. Reticence, virtue and industry seem to be the qualities most admired in a woman.One source gives the three steadiness of good womanhood as ‘a steady tongue, a steady virtue, a steady housewifery’. The types of female behaviour most consistently censured are sexual promiscuity, making spells or illegal satires and thieving. Feminine beauty – so often enthused over in the sagas – does not count for much in the wisdom-texts, though one text gives the three glories of a gathering ‘a beautiful woman, a good horse and a swift hound’. Legal capacity of women The laws reveal a society in which a woman is generally without dependent legal capaciity.She is debarred from acting as a witness and she normally cannot make a valid contract without the permission of her superior (usually her husband or father). As expressed in the Old Irish Dire-text: ‘her father has charge over her when she is a girl, her husband when she a wife, her sons when she is a [widowed] woman with children, her kin when she is a ‘woman of the kin’ (i. e. with no other guardian), the Church when she is a woman of the Church (i. e. a . nun). She is not capable of sale or purchase or contract or transaction without the authorisation of one of her superiors’.However, in spite of such uncompromising general statements, it is clear that a woman’s legal incapacity is not total. In certain circumstances her evidence may be valid. A woman also has the right to give items of her own personal property (such as her embroidery needle, work-bag or dress) as a pledge on behalf of another, and is entitled to a fine and interest if her pledge is allowed o become forfeit. But she cannot give pledges of cattle, horses, silver, gold, copper or iron without her husband’s permission.A woman can inherit a life-interest in land when her father has no sons. She is called the banchomarbae ‘female heir’ and – like any male land-owner – has the right to distrain goods and to make formal legal entry into her rightful inheritance. If she marries a landless man or a stranger from another tuath, the normal roles of husband and wife are reversed: she makes the decisions and pays his fines and debts. After her death, the property of a banchomarbae normally reverts to her own kin and does not pass to her husband or sons.On marriage a woman does not totally sever her connections with her own kin. As Binchy points out ‘the more formal the marriage, the greater the severance’. In the case of a cetmuinter (chief wife) with sons, one third of her inheritable assets goes on her death to her own kin, and the remaining two thirds go to her sons. Likewise her own kin gets one third of any eraic paid for her, and must pay one third of any fine which she incurs. In the case of a cetmuinter without sons, her assets and liabilities are divided equally between her own kin and her husband.In a marriage where she has not been betrothed by her kin, but the union has not been forbidden, two thirds of her assets and liabilities go to her own kin, and only one third to her sons. Where a woman is abducted against the wishes of her kin, all her assets go to her own kin, and all her liabilities fall on her abductor. The influence of the Church must have helped to raise the status of women in early Irish society. In his Confessio (5th century) Saint Patrick lays great stress on his conversion of women of all classes to Christianity.Women feature largely in later accounts of his mission: the 7th century lives of Patrick by Muirchu and Tirechan refer to the conversion of many women. Some were consecrated as nuns, Tirechan also mentions Brigit, reputed foundress of the monastery of Kildare. However, it seems more likely that Brigit was a pagan goddess whom hagiographers transformed into a national saint. Female inheritance According to an Old Irish quotation in later commentary a daughter is entitled to a share of her father’s personal valuables, but not of his land.However, if she has no brother, she is known as a banchomarbae ‘female heir’, and is entitled to a life-interest in her father’s land. Normally, she cannot pass this land on to her husband or her sons; on her death it reverts to the wider circle of her own kin. But if her husband is an alien, such as a Briton – who would have no land in the tuath – she is entitled to pass on to her son land worth 7 cumals i. e. the property-qualification of an ocaire. By virtue of her ownership of land, a female heir has more extensive legal rights than other women. Offences by womenIf a crime is committed or debt incurred by an unmarried woman it is normally paid by her father (or by her kin if he is dead), In the case of a married woman, the status of the marriage determines who pays: the more formal the marriage the greater the responsibility assumed by her sons. You read "Women and the Law in Early Ireland" in category "Law" So, if a chief wife incurs a liability, two thirds are paid by her sons and only one third by her kin. If a chief wife has no sons, her husband and her kin must each pay half. If she is a wife of lower status – but her marriage is recognised and bound by her kin† – her liability is evenly divided between her sons and her kin.But if the marriage is merely recognised without being bound,† two thirds of any liability are paid by her kin, and one third by her sons. Finally, if the wife has been abduc ted against the will of her father or kin, all her liabilities must be paid by her abductor. † In certain circumstances a woman may injure another woman without incurring liability. Thus, injuries inflicted in a female fight are not actionable. Similarly, a chief wife is allowed to inflict injury on her husband’s second wife (adaltrach).The texts do not make it clear for how long this right lasts, but a gloss says that the chief wife is free to inflict any non-fatal injury for a period of three days (presumably after her husband’s second marriage). In retaliation, the second wife can only scratch, pull hair, speak abusively or inflict other minor injuries. Offences against women In early Irish law, a crime against a woman is normally regarded as a crime against her guardian (husband, father, son, head of kin) and consequently the culprit must pay him his honour-price or a proportion thereof.The Church sought to make it a more serious offence to kill a woman than to kill a man. Cain Adomnain lays down very heavy penalties for the murder of a woman. The culprit has a hand and foot cut off, is then put to death and his kin pays 7 cumals (the normal eraic of a freeman). Alternatively, he may do 14 years’ penance and pay double eraic of 14 cumals. The fines for injury to a woman are similarly heavy though whether the Church actually succeeded in increasing the fines for offences against women is unknown, as no records of any cases have been preserved.In general, women do not have independent legal capacity. The limitations on their ability to contract are spelled out starkly in the Dire-text: ‘The worst of transactions are women’s contracts. For a woman is not capable of selling anything without authorisation of one of her superiors: her father has charge over her when she is a girl, her husband when she is a wife, her sons when she is a [widowed] woman with children, her kin when she is a ‘woman of the kin’ (i. e. with no other guardian), the Church when she is a woman of the Church (i. . a nun). She is not capable of sale or purchase or contract or transaction without the authorization of one of her superiors, except for a proper gift to one of her superiors, with agreement and without neglect’. However, a wife in a ‘marriage of joint property’ (i. e. be cuitchernsa) is entitled to make advantageous contracts independently of her husband. These concern the household and farm, including the renting of land, purchase of provisions, buying in young animals, etc.In such a marriage the husband has of course the same right to make an advantageous contract independently of his wife, and either partner can dissolve the other’s disadvantageous contract. Even in a marriage into which a wife has brought no property she can still impugn her husband’s disadvantageous contract, provided she is a main wife (cetmuinter). If she is a wife of lower status she can only impugn contracts relating to food, clothing, cattle and sheep. A wife can dissolve all her husband’s contracts in a marriage into which he has brought no property, e. g. f he is an outsider from another tuath. The law-texts recognise the special position of the nun. A nun has certain legal rights not possessed by laywomen. Hence the evidence of a nun may be accepted against that of a cleric, though a woman is not normally entitled to give evidence. Rape Early Irish law regularly distinguishes two types of rape (forcor and sleth) though both seem to entail much the same penalties and responsibilities. Forcor refers to forcible rape, whereas sleth covers all other situations where a woman is subjected to sexual intercourse without her consent.Sleth is often associated with drunkenness in the texts and it would seem that intercourse with a drunken woman is usually regarded as an equally serious offence to forcible rape However, in some circumstances, a drunken woman has no redress if advantage is taken of her. For example, if a married woman goes unaccompanied to an ale-house, she gets no compensation if she is the victim of sleth because ‘it was wrong for her to be in the [ale] house without her husband to protect her’.The rapist must pay the honour-price of his victim’s legal superior (i. e. her husband, father, son, or guardian). In addition, full body-fine (eraic) must be paid for the rape of a girl of marriageable age, a chief wife or a nun who has not renounced the veil. For the rape of a concubine (adaltrach), only half the body-fine need be paid. If the victim of rape becomes pregnant, the rapist is responsible for rearing the child. † Heptad 47 lists eight categories of women who get no redress if subjected to rape, whether forcor or sleth.Most of these are promiscuous or adulterous women, such as an unreformed prostitute, a woman who makes an assignation to bush or bed, or a married woman who agrees to meet another man. There is also no redress for the women who – for whatever motive – conceals the fact that she has been raped. † If she is assaulted in a town or settlement a woman is legally obliged to call for help, but not if the assault is made in the wilderness. Triad 100 gives ‘the three darknesses into which women should not go: the darkness of mist, the darkness of a wood, the darkness of night.This is clearly to be taken as good advice rather than the statement of a legal principle: there is no evidence that a woman raped under these circumstances lost her right to redress. It is probable that in practice some lasting marriages originated in rape. Such marriages are recognised in early Irish literatures but not in the law-texts. The text on marriage lists nine types of sexual union, including ‘mating by forcible rape or stealth’ but such a union is regarded as being of its nature criminal, and is distinguished from union by abduction and union by secret visiting.In both these cases the woman consents to the union, though her kin does not. Sexual harassment Bretha Nemed toisech states that her full honour-price must be paid if a woman is kissed against her will. A gloss on this passage refers to the shaming of a woman by raising her dress, but does not say what penalty is due for this offence. According to Cain Adomnain an assailant pays ten ounces (of silver) for touching a woman or putting his hand inside her girdle and seven cumals and three ounces for putting his hand under her dress to defile her. How to cite Women and the Law in Early Ireland, Essays

Qualitative Study Criticism an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

Qualitative Study Criticism The purpose of the study was to identify the experiences faced by nurses in caring for culturally diverse adult patients in medical and surgical wards. The experiences would be used to know the challenges faced by these nurses and ways to solve them to be sought. The problem of the study lies in the lack of a research statement. For any survey being done a statement of the problem should be distinctively stated to inform the readers of what the study is about. (Greenhalgh, andTaylor, 1997). Need essay sample on "Qualitative Study Criticism" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The literature review contains many articles that are relevant to the study. Articles touching on nurses experiences while caring for culturally diverse patience are well discussed. There are numerous studies done before that have been included with their main results given. However, there is little information of the approaches used in earlier researches, their main objectives and major findings are not given thoroughly as should be done in any research. There was good coverage of existing theories on how cultural diversity affects nurses work. There are many current references with more than ten of them having been written in the last ten years, only two references written in the last five years and some more references written long ago. Such references show a good understanding of the subject and well planned background research. According to the literature review the difficulties encountered by nurses in a multicultural environment are known. The factors that influence nurses ability to offer quality care are also known. While overall nurses experiences are known for childbirth situation and for families of dying children, little is known about such experiences encountered with adult patients. This is the point of diversion from other literature on the matters of nurses experiences. The researcher should have expressed this from the beginning by suggesting that the study is intended to identify any similarities of experiences encountered by nurses between different patient groups. (Granehein, 2004) The study is not explicitly expressed since one only gets the idea of what the researcher is upto by reading through all the literature review. It is hard to grasp why the researcher is doing the study while already so much information exists. The study is based on substantive theory because it gauges the interactions without going to the scientific procedures of identifying causes and effects. It is not tentative since there already exist a lot of information on the subject. The study is unclear on relationships between causal factors and their interactions with a nurses experience which have not been expressed in the outline of the study. The planning of the study would help nurses working with culturally diverse adult patients know how better to render services to them. There had been no previous studies on this area and the findings would help the nursing training to be prepared for the challenges involved. Research objectives identified are: identity experiences of nurses in caring for culturally diverse adult patients and to use such knowledge to find best solutions. This objective though is not explicitly stated. The objectives for every research done should be well stated as they act as a guide to both the researcher and the readers of the results. (Neill, 2006). Questions asked have not been clearly stated though some could be derived from the text. Question on the respondents ethnicity, number of years respondent had worked with culturally diverse patients and formal education level reached in multicultural aspects. Another question the description of the experiences respondents had had with culturally diverse patients. There was no expressly stated hypothesis in the study. It can only be hypothesized that nurses have had to deal with unique problems when working in multicultural environments. The main variables of the study were: role of cultural education in nurses work, the role of patients family to the work of the nurses, the effect of visitors, the role of other health workers in making nurse work easier or harder, the attitude of the nurses as they attend patients with different culture from theirs, the number of years of service and the role this plays in easing nurses work and the friendliness of the healthcare system to nurses. Formal cultural education levels, the number of years of service, ethnicity of the nurse respondent are all independent variables. The attitude of the nurse is the dependent variable while the role of the health care system, role of family and other health workers are research variables. The dependent variable shows the attitude of the respondents towards cultural diversity. The aim of having independent and dependent variables is to indicate the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Independent variable like ethnicity of the respondent will reveal stereotypical attitudes in the way respondents view the nurses. Demographic variables identifiable in the study are ethnicity of the respondent, education level of respondent in multicultural affairs, number of years respondents had worked with diverse patients and number of family members for the respondents patients. The research design used is the completely randomized block design since the population is homogeneous. The factors that interact in this case are the ethnicity of the respondent and the number of years they had worked with culturally diverse patients, which may be considered as treatments for this design. The subjects were randomly picked from this design. It is mentioned that 70% of the patients were culturally and linguistically diverse suggesting that a prior survey had been done to assess the composition of the composition of the patients. The results of the pilot study were used to specify the requirements for the respondents. To be included in the sample, respondents had to be registered nurses who had worked for five or more years with culturally diverse patients in the medical and surgical wards. The respondents were randomly picked depending on their availability. The sample size was 10. A power test may not have been conducted as the researcher is silent on the issue. The researcher does not give the size of the population of nurses and the method used to come up with the sample. The percentage of the sample with respect to the population is also missing. This information is necessary since it ensures that the sample selected is representative of the whole population. (Spall, 1998). The sample members were all registered nurses who had between 5 and 25 years working with culturally diverse patients. Sample attrition number is 5 which made 50% of the total population. These people did not wish to be contacted later in the study. The respondents sampled had to be asked to willingly participate in the study and a written consent was sought to call them latter on to confirm the end result Ethical consent was sought from two institutions that deal with research in human affairs. The study was done by the investigator behind closed door while respondents were encouraged to relax and convey needed data. The setting was appropriate since such data was very sensitive and privacy was vital. The use of the numerical code helped in maintaining the privacy. This has the effect of assuring the respondent that the information they gave was confidential and thus would not hide a thing. This helps the researcher get the right information. Several measures have been used for the study. The data from respondents was collected in an interview in which questions were asked. The level of education in cultural affairs most likely used a nominal scale as was ethnicity of respondent. The interview method was been used for confidentiality purposes and because the data to be collected was quite lengthy. The data required person to person exchange which is why an interview was opted for. There is no information provided as to what measurement instruments were used by other researchers in their studies. We therefore have no way of comparing the advantages or otherwise of the interview method used in this particular one. The use of interview method for data collection is viable since other methods could break the privacy condition highly valued for success of this study. The data was collected in privacy mostly ward offices at the convenience of the correspondent. The interview took about an hour with all respondents comments being tape recorded and written. (Jane, 1995 and Wengraf, 2001). The data was read twice and categorized according to specifications alluded to some researchers. This researcher failed to provide the mode of categorization used and did not defend its use, mentioning it was not enough. This categorized data was coded into distinct units and defended it, mentioning it is not enough. This categorized data was coded into distinct units and authenticated by five of the respondents and other nurses. The researcher is also silent on how the analysis is left for us to guess. (Maxwell J). The level of significance used for the study is not mentioned. It is doubtful if as all it was considered even before the commencement of the survey. The level of the significance guides the selection of a sample size and that it is not mentioned here raises the question of representatively of the sample. The study done by the researcher lacked clearly defined measurable variables which makes analysis hard. The statistical procedures are stated at the onset of the study at which time the statistic to be tested is also mentioned. To fill such a table as the one given would require the data to be given in numerical form. For the analysis to include relationships or differences data should be in numerical form. It is therefore impossible to use correlation analysis or ANOVA. Even t-test is used when comparing two set of categories which are clearly absent from the survey. Further the table cannot be filled in the absence of the results and therefore no interpretation of results would be done. The researcher did a qualitative research problem and thus the use of quantitative statistical procedures is not applicable. (Morehouse and Maykut, 1991). The researcher presented the findings of the data in three categories. The presentation is orderly but what lacked the actual results. The researcher has however, clearly explained the effect of each factor on nurses ability to driver services. No limitations have been categorically stated but we can cite one in the unavailability of some respondents to confirm categorization during data analysis. Limitations of any study should be well stated and the implications thereof. The researcher generalized findings into categories and subcategories and explained them well. The finding of the study identified the important role played by a patients family. It further indicated that nurses were handling big challenges as other health workers left the burden of caring for the culturally diverse to them. Nurses expressed the need for formal cultural education in their work. The study also suggested that cross cultural differences were not as bad. The study is poorly described. The researcher did not develop a clear research design from the start and replication is not possible. This is however expected of qualitative researches. (Creswell, 2003). The findings of the survey suggest that the healthcare system should be made flexible to accommodate cultural diversity by availing interprets throughout. It also proposed development of cultural competence in nurses by training them on cultural practices. The study further suggested that research be done to assist in building better care for all patients regardless of their cultural background. Reference Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches, Sage Publications Inc, California, USA. Graneheim, U (2004). Qualitative Content Analysis in Nursing Research: Concepts, Procedures and Measures to Achieve Trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, Volume 24, (2), pp 105-112. Greenhalgh, T & Taylor R (1997). How to Read a Paper: Papers That Go Beyond Numbers (Qualitative Research. Available on http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/315/7110/740 [cited on 2 August 2007]. Jane, V. A, (1995). Analyzing Qualitative Interview Data: Addressing Issues of Validity and Reliability. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22 (5), pp 993997. Maxwell, A. J. Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach. Sage Publications Ltd. Morehouse, R. E & Maykut, P. S. (1991). Beginning Qualitative Research: A Philosophic and Practical Guide. The Falmer Press, UK. Neill, J (2006). Analysis of Professional Literature Class 6: Qualitative Research I. Qualitative vs Quantitative analysis. Spall, S (1998). Peer Debriefing in Qualitative Research: Emerging Operational Models. Qualitative Inquiry. Wengraf, T. (2001). Qualitative research Interviewing: Biographic Narrative and Semi-Structures Methods. Sage Publishers, London, p 112.